Publications

Re-thinking human–machine interaction in the military domain

By Ingvild Bode and Kate Chandler May 2026 In a Perspective article published by Nature Machine Intelligence, Ingvild Bode and Kate Chandler argue that safeguarding human control in the military domain requires examining the diverse forms of human–machine interaction that occur across the AI lifecycle. They review how actions at distinct stages, including research and […]

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RÆSON Article: Military AI and Responsibility by Design

By Ingvild Bode January 2026 Ingvild Bode and Lena Trabucco (Centre for Military Studies, University of Copenhagen) wrote an article in Danish magazine RÆSON, examining the use of military AI-based systems and the challenges they pose to the role of humans in deciding when and how to use force. Drawing on high-profile contemporary wars, they

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Special issue on the ethics of military AI

By Ingvild Bode and Anna Nadibaidze October 2025 Ingvild Bode and Anna Nadibaidze contributed to the special issue “The Ethics of Military AI: Responsibility, Control and Moral Judgement”, published in Ethics and Information Technology and edited by Jeroen van den Hoven and Jonne Maas. In the article “Ensuring the exercise of human agency in AI-based

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Contribution to special forum

By Ingvild Bode August 2025 Ingvild Bode contributed to the special collection “Myth, Power, and Agency: Rethinking Artificial Intelligence, Geopolitics and War”, published open-access in Minds and Machines. This collection explores how AI is reshaping war, sovereignty, and human agency by entangling technological experimentation with myth-making and geopolitical power. It includes contributions from Raluca Csernatoni,

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Policy Brief for the Center for International Governance Innovation

By Ingvild Bode January 2025 Ingvild Bode wrote a policy brief entitled “Human-Machine Interaction and Human Agency in the Military Domain” for the Center for International Governance Innovation. The policy brief describes in accessible form what is at stake when we talk about human-machine interaction in the military domain: the emergence of a shared decision-making

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Opinio Juris Symposium on Military AI

Opinio Juris Symposium on Military AI

By Ingvild Bode and Anna Nadibaidze April 2024 Ingvild Bode and Anna Nadibaidze wrote a contribution for Opinio Juris‘ Symposium on Military AI and the Law of Armed Conflict, convened by Lena Trabucco and Magda Pacholska. Their article, entitled “Human-machine Interaction in the Military Domain and the Responsible AI Framework”, offers a preliminary examination of the

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