By Ingvild Bode

January 2025

Ingvild Bode wrote a policy brief entitled “Human-Machine Interaction and Human Agency in the Military Domain” for the Center for International Governance Innovation. The policy brief describes in accessible form what is at stake when we talk about human-machine interaction in the military domain: the emergence of a shared decision-making space between humans and AI technologies. The brief outlines how this distributed agency raises foundational, operational, ethical-normative, and legal challenges. It argues that militaries need to be aware of these challenges rather than only focusing on positive-sum outcomes associated with human-machine interaction.